Description
Basic operational concepts – functional units. Processor-8085-Architecture-instruction set, fetch & execute, addressing mode, interrupts. 8086 -Architecture registers, RAM organization segment-offset addressing, real & protected modes, addressing modes, instructions – arithmetic, data movement, control, I/O string, logic. Subroutine call & return. Features of Pentium processor. Control unit organisation – Single bus and multibus organisation, Micro instruction, Microprogrammed and hardwired control, Microinstruction-program-sequencing, RISC &CISC (Features). Memory – Hierarchi, organisation of RAM, types of RAM (SRAM, DRAM, SDRAM, DDRAM). Cache-operation, cashe mapping, multilevel organization of cache (LI/LII, Primary/secondary). Virtual memory page fault, TLB, segmentation – Multiple memory modules & interleaving. Secondary storage – Disk-CDROM/DVD. I/O devices (keyboard, mouse, CRT/LCD/LED, Printers, scanners). I/O Interfacing – memory mapped & I/O Mapped I/O, Polling, interrupt-driven I/O, DMA – controller. Serial communication – UART, RS 232, USB. High-performance computing – pipelining, basic concepts in parallel processing, Grid and cluster computing
